Phylogeny, the history of the evolution of a species or group, especially in reference to lines of descent and relationships among broad groups of organisms. Science fair project on introduction to origin of horses. Chapter 26 powerpoint phylogeny and the tree of life. Molecular phylogeny lab exercise use bioinformatics tool called geneious to compare evolutionary relationships between organisms 1 examine amino acid sequence in human coxiii 2 compare norway rat sequence to human and determine how similar they are 3 compare human and rat sequences with those of other animals and plants, and construct. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. During the early eocene there appeared the first ancestral horse, a hoofed, browsing mammal designated correctly as. Edgecombe,3 and andreas hejnol4 1department of ecology and evolutionary biology, brown university, providence. If youre seeing this message, it means were having trouble loading external resources on our website. Some years later, the american museum of natural history assembled a famous exhibit of these fossil horses, designed to show gradual evolution from eohippus now called hyracotherium to. Taxonomy is the science of classification of organisms. Pdf animal phylogeny and its evolutionary implications. The history and evolution of the horse authorstream.
How horse evolve from eohippus to modern eques cabbalus. Some years later, the american museum of natural history assembled a famous exhibit of fossil horses, designed to show gradual evolution from eohippus now called hyracotherium to modern equus. Ppt phylogeny and systematics powerpoint presentation. Evolution of horse from eocene to pleistocene period. When i did this i was only expecting it to be short but it was long. The science of taxonomy and where humans fit into the tree of life. Phylogeny, the history of the evolution of a species or group, especially in reference to lines of descent and relationships among broad groups of organisms fundamental to phylogeny is the proposition, universally accepted in the scientific community, that plants or animals of different species descended from common ancestors. Download chapter 26 powerpoint phylogeny and the tree of life ppt for free.
We now know of many other branches of horse evolution. Primary center of evolution were great plains of north america, from where species migrated to europe and asia from time to time. See more ideas about horses, prehistoric and extinct animals. Ppt the evolution of the horse powerpoint presentation. Get free outlook email and calendar, plus office online apps like word, excel and powerpoint. The sequence of horse fossils that marsh described and that t. Fundamental to phylogeny is the proposition, universally accepted in the scientific community, that plants or animals of different species descended from common ancestors. Taxonomy and phylogeny of animals by paige greenwood on prezi. The response describes the phylogeny by highlighting the closeness of the donkeyhorse and penguinchicken relationships and indicating that the snake is quite different from the other four species, thus earning 1 point. A modern horse is about 150 cm tall at the shoulders and has only one toe. This form, whose remains come from lower eocene beds of new mexico and wyoming, had been named and described in 1873 by marshs bitter rival. The evolution of the horse article pdf available in journal of reproduction and fertility. The oddtoed ungulates horses belong to the perissodactyla, the oddtoed ungulates this group includes horses, rhinos and tapirs today equus the genus equus includes horses, zebra and asses the last remaining branch of a diverse group of equids similar to the status of homo sapiens, the last remaining species of a once diverse group of hominids. Throughout the phylogenetic development, the teeth of the horse underwent significant changes.
Lice are obligate parasites, living externally on warmblooded hosts which include every species of bird and mammal, except for monotremes, pangolins, and bats. What is evolution and what is the evidence that supports it as a theory. The history of the horse family, equidae, began during the eocene epoch, which lasted from about 56 million to 33. If you use this site, as i am managing it alone since years, could you please add me in the. The evolution of the horse equine studies institute.
Taxa that were once thought to represent successive grades of complexity at the base of the metazoan tree are being displaced to much higher positions inside the tree. Horse history horse history can be traced back to a prehistoric animal known as the candylarth which was about the size of a mediumsized dog and they had five toes on each foot and thickened nails. The powerpoint slides are designed to introduce the equidae horse. If you use this site, as i am managing it alone since years. Creately diagrams can be exported and added to word, ppt powerpoint, excel, visio or any other document. Use pdf export for high quality prints and svg export for large sharp images or embed your diagrams anywhere with the creately viewer. Horsezebra hybrid shows that genes are discrete and not blended by genetic recombination. Its tempting to focus on the order of the branch tips on a tree i. Chapter 22 objectives decent with modification chapter 22 powerpoint. The root of the tree represents the ancestral lineage, and the tips of the branches represent the descendents of that ancestor. The evolution of the horse, a mammal of the family equidae, occurred over a geologic time scale of 50 million years, transforming the small, dogsized, forestdwelling eohippus into the modern horse. Science fair project on the biological organisation of modern. The evolution of the horse family, as illustratd in the yale collecions.
Phylogenetic analysis irit orr subjects of this lecture 1 introducing some of the terminology of phylogenetics. Below, we will refer to the objects whose phylogeny we are studying as organisms or species, but the discussion of methods is valid for the phylogeny of genes as well. Taxonomy equus first described by carl linnaeus in 1758 is the only recognized extant genus in the family equidae equus hippotigris encompasses several subspecies of equidae commonly known as asses characterized by long ears lean, straightbacked build lack of a true withers. Paige greenwood my family tree a phylogenetic tree vs.
In plants, the term cultivar or variety is often used instead. If you were to add a trout to the phylogeny shown above, where would its lineage attach to. The type of the original omnivorous teeth with short, bumpy. A modern horse is about 150 cm tall at the shoulders ppt. Understanding a phylogeny is a lot like reading a family tree. Habitat change evasion of predators change in diet browsers to grazers expansion of range franzen, j. Phylogeny definition of phylogeny by merriamwebster. Paleozoologists have been able to piece together a more complete outline of the evolutionary lineage of the modern horse than of any other animal. However, while the overall picture of equid evolution is well known, the details are surprisingly poorly understood, especially for the later pliocene and pleistocene, c. Mesohippus is intermediate between the eohippuslike horses of the eocene, which dont look much like our familiar horse and more modern horses. The evolution of the horse mats molen the horse series has long been a showcase of evolution.
Ppt phylogeny and the tree of life powerpoint presentation. Breed is another term for subspecies, usually applied to animals. Ontogeny and phylogeny in horse skull evolution leonard radinsky anatomy department, university of chicago, chicago, illinois 60637 received february 3, 1983. Horse evolution geology 331geology 331 paleontology. The horse evolved over a 60 million years into an animal that man kind has relied on to help spread onto every corner of the planet. Horse donkey chicken penguin snake horse 0 1 11 21 donkey 0 10 12 20 chicken 0 3 18 penguin 0 17 snake 0 phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a species. Horse zebra hybrid shows that genes are discrete and not blended by genetic recombination. This leaves no evolutionary intermediates and forces us to rethink the genesis of bilaterian complexity.
Marshs 1874 scheme was missing the first member of the horse family, now wellknown as eohippus. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Molecular evidence dna, rna, protein comparison systematics. Phylogeny and the tree of life chapter 26 bcor 012 february 4,7, 2011 in a phylogenetic classification, only monophyletic groups are named. Displaying powerpoint presentation on chapter 26 powerpoint phylogeny and the tree of life available to view or download. Evolution, systematics, and phylogeography of pleistocene. Speciation events create branches junctions indicate a common ancestor attempts to explain. But in reality, this series is the best argument that can be presented against evolution from the fossil record. Edgecombe,3 and andreas hejnol4 1department of ecology and evolutionary biology, brown university, providence, rhode island 02912.
During the early eocene there appeared the first ancestral horse, a hoofed, browsing mammal designated correctly as hyracotherium but more commonly called. Evolution of horse dates back to eocene epoch, about 60 million years ago. The rich fossil record of horses has made them a classic example of evolutionary processes. A species is identified here according to reproductive properties of populations, groups of related organisms inhabiting a particular geographic area not according to organismal morphology biological species concept typological species concept. This video illustrates the biological species concept a species is a group of organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring and well as obliquely referring to the morphological species concept species are groups of organisms that share similar. The student knows evolutionary theory is a scientific explanation for the unity and diversity of life. A species is identified here according to reproductive properties of populations, groups of related organisms inhabiting a particular geographic area not according to organismal morphology biological species concept typological species concept species are. How to read phylogenetic trees and determine which species are most related. Chapter 23 objectives evolution of populations chapter 23 powerpoint.
Prehistoric horse the horse as we know it today is descendant from a small primitive, four toed animal. What was still needed was an animal that was less horselike, more dawnmammalian, and ideally from the early eocene. Chapter 26 phylogeny and the tree of life a free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that. You can edit this template and create your own diagram. A seal is more closely related to a whale than to a horse c a seal is equally related to a horse and a whale d a seal is related to a whale, but is not related to a horse. The horse series has long been a showcase of evolution. Lopez chapter molecular basis of inheritance dna molecular basis of inheritance dna. For some reasons horses became extinct in north america by the end of pleistocene epoch but their offshoots in europe and asia flourished. Microsoft powerpoint horseevolution compatibility mode. If a paraphyletic group bears a name, it will be an informal one e. During the early eocene there appeared the first ancestral horse, a hoofed, browsing mammal designated correctly as hyracotherium but. Phylogeny definition is the evolutionary history of a kind of organism. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id.
Darwins idea that species change or evolve through time, he. Ppt phylogeny powerpoint presentation free to download. This article addresses some of the current problems. Such exhibits focussed attention on the horse family specifically as a model of gradual, straightline evolution.
The response earned 2 points for stating that the penguin is. Data for phylogeny can be classified into two categories. Revised june 20, 1983 horses family equidae have one of the longest and richest fossil records of any group of mammals, and it documents major changes in morphology. Ppt molecular phylogeny powerpoint presentation free. The evolutionary lineage of the horse is among the bestdocumented in all paleontology. Dna sequence analysis dictates new interpretation of phylogenic trees.
As you move from the root to the tips, you are moving forward in time. Victoria baker intro first, horse evolution didnt proceed in a straight line. A species is a reproductive community of populations reproductively isolated from others that occupies a specific niche in nature. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Anchitherium was an early miocene threetoed browsing horse and hipparion was a late miocene threetoed grazing horse. Phylogeny of the horsefrom tapirlike hyracotheres or. The extinct quagga 1883, related to todays 1870 plains zebras. Hyracotherium miohippus merychippus equus hind feet left, front feet right.
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